{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Dataset", "name": "Health AI Observatory — registry of health-AI legal obligations", "url": "https://healthaiobservatory.org/map.json", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "creator": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Cassiana Souza Meyer", "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6628-5435" }, "isBasedOn": { "@type": "Dataset", "name": "Observatório de Responsabilização de IA em Saúde", "url": "https://inteligencianasaude.com.br/panorama.json" }, "provenance": { "snapshot_of": "https://inteligencianasaude.com.br/panorama.json", "source_updated": "2026-09-17", "read_at": "2026-09-24T01:54:03.612Z", "etag": "W/\"82a1263aa326db8095eba42e955b4300\"", "verbatim_test": "Each quoted sentence was tested character by character against the retained source file. The test proves the quote matches that file. It does not prove the file is the act, nor that it is the version in force.", "not_checked_is_not_no": "An absent answer means no instrument has been read on that question in that jurisdiction. It never means the answer is no.", "source_class_is_ours": "The upstream registry marks each source with a single boolean, \"primary\". That boolean conflates the weight of the document with the nature of its host. This edition publishes both: \"asserted_primary\" is the upstream claim, unaltered, and \"source_class\" is derived here from the host, which is checkable. Where they disagree, both are shown.", "source_class_meaning": { "official_repository": "Served by the legislature, the government or the regulator that issued the instrument.", "mirror": "A faithful copy of the instrument's text, served by a third party. It reproduces the act; it is not the official repository, and it is not the record of enactment.", "secondary": "A commentary or analysis about the instrument, not the instrument itself." }, "unverifiable_links": [ { "chave": "$.linhas[].obrigacoes[]#colorado-sb-26-189::dever-de-informar::instituicao", "obrigacoes": 2, "fontes_resolvidas": [ "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116489/download" ], "risco": "baixo-hoje" } ], "confirmed_relinks": [ { "de": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5395&Year=2025", "para": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=48.43.830", "por": "janela .org, leitura direta da fonte", "em": "2026-09-18", "motivo": "Subida de resumo de projeto para codificacao. Aberta e lida. §(3)(a) e §(3)(b) sao IDENTICOS nas duas versoes servidas (ate 01.01.2027 e a partir dela): 802 e 1776 caracteres, zero diferenca. A divergencia entre versoes esta fora das provisoes de IA." }, { "de": "https://www.nixonpeabody.com/insights/alerts/2026/07/20/rhode-island-joins-the-wave-of-states-regulating-ai-in-healthcare-and-ai-companion-tools", "para": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Billtext/BillText26/SenateText26/S2570A.pdf", "por": "janela do corpus, registrado em claude/rhode-island-fonte-primaria-16set.md", "em": "2026-09-16", "motivo": "Saida da ultima fonte secundaria do corpus: alerta de escritorio de advocacia substituido por S 2570 Substitute A. URL confere com a grafia /Billtext/ prescrita naquele documento." }, { "de": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText26/SenateText26/S2197A.pdf", "para": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText/BillText26/SenateText26/S2197Aaa.pdf", "por": "janela do corpus, resposta ao bastao de 18.09", "em": "2026-09-18", "motivo": "Substitute A as amended e o texto que virou lei; o Substitute A simples era versao anterior. NAO CONFERIDA NA ORIGEM: rilegislature.gov inacessivel em 18.09 (ERR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT no navegador, egress bloqueado no container). Versao confirmada por escrito; RESOLUCAO DA URL PENDENTE." }, { "de": "https://legiscan.com/IN/text/HB1271/id/3377348/Indiana-2026-HB1271-Enrolled.pdf", "para": "https://iga.in.gov/pdf-documents/124/2026/house/bills/HB1271/HB1271.07.ENRS.pdf", "por": "janela do corpus, PR #122, registrado em claude/hao-indiana-hb1271-conferido-23set.md", "em": "2026-09-23", "motivo": "Saida de espelho (LegiScan) para o repositorio oficial do estado. CONFERIDA EM BYTES: 194.864 b, 11 paginas, %PDF-1.4, Producer Corel PDF Engine 21.0.0.81 (camada de texto NATIVA, nao scan), sha256 dos bytes a750133abcb796b33f3e077bfc3dcac31048832a50265ac396faa0749706e770. Sec. 6(4) e Sec. 9 lidos no arquivo. Promulgacao em segundo primario: LSA Enrolled Act Summary, HEA 1271 (PL88), S/03/04/2026, sha256 b9c72225d71f87455ef02ade65a34b9e9575250c7ff9d7ce9ea9783e77b955d2." } ], "key_regime": "derivada" }, "counts": { "instruments": 21, "jurisdictions": 11, "obligations": 55, "with_operative_sentence": 40, "without_operative_sentence": 15 }, "instruments": [ { "id": "brasil-cfm-2454", "jurisdiction": "Brasil", "citation": "Resolution CFM No. 2,454/2026 (Federal Council of Medicine, Brazil)", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2026-08-26", "accessed": "2026-09-17", "caveat": null, "sources": [ { "url": "https://sistemas.cfm.org.br/normas/arquivos/resolucoes/BR/2026/2454_2026.pdf", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician" ], "provision": "art. 18, § 2º", "verbatim": "A decisão sobre diagnóstico, prognóstico, prescrição, ou qualquer ato médico, caberá sempre ao médico, que pode acolher ou rejeitar as sugestões da IA conforme seu julgamento.", "source": "https://sistemas.cfm.org.br/normas/arquivos/resolucoes/BR/2026/2454_2026.pdf" }, { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician" ], "provision": "art. 11", "verbatim": "Qualquer utilização de IA deverá ser comunicada e explicada aos pacientes, reforçando-se que tais sistemas servem de apoio ao médico, mas não substituem a autoridade e a decisão final humana sobre o cuidado.", "source": "https://sistemas.cfm.org.br/normas/arquivos/resolucoes/BR/2026/2454_2026.pdf" }, { "kind": "risco-e-registro", "kind_label": "Risk and recordkeeping", "bearer": [ "instituicao" ], "bearer_label": [ "health care institution" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://sistemas.cfm.org.br/normas/arquivos/resolucoes/BR/2026/2454_2026.pdf" }, { "kind": "risco-e-registro", "kind_label": "Risk and recordkeeping", "bearer": [ "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician" ], "provision": "art. 4º, V", "verbatim": "V – registrar no prontuário do paciente o uso de sistemas de IA como apoio à decisão médica", "source": "https://sistemas.cfm.org.br/normas/arquivos/resolucoes/BR/2026/2454_2026.pdf" }, { "kind": "governanca", "kind_label": "Governance", "bearer": [ "instituicao", "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "health care institution", "physician" ], "provision": "art. 14, caput", "verbatim": "A instituição médica ou o médico que desenvolver ou contratar um modelo, sistema e/ou aplicações de IA deverá estabelecer processos internos de governança aptos a garantir a segurança, a qualidade e a ética, incluindo as seguintes medidas contidas no Anexo III.", "source": "https://sistemas.cfm.org.br/normas/arquivos/resolucoes/BR/2026/2454_2026.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "ue-art-50", "jurisdiction": "União Europeia", "citation": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act), art. 50 — transparency", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2026-08-02", "accessed": "2026-07-30", "caveat": null, "sources": [ { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202401689", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "fabricante", "instituicao" ], "bearer_label": [ "manufacturer", "health care institution" ], "provision": "artigo 50.º, n.º 1", "verbatim": "Os prestadores devem assegurar que os sistemas de IA destinados a interagir diretamente com pessoas singulares sejam concebidos e desenvolvidos de maneira que as pessoas singulares em causa sejam informadas de que estão a interagir com um sistema de IA", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202401689" } ] }, { "id": "ue-art-4", "jurisdiction": "União Europeia", "citation": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act), art. 4 — AI literacy, as amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2025-02-02", "accessed": "2026-07-30", "caveat": "Análises publicadas antes de 24.07.2026 descrevem a redação anterior do art. 4. A redação vigente é a do Reg. (UE) 2026/1744, conferida em 17.09.2026.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "capacitacao", "kind_label": "Training", "bearer": [ "fabricante", "instituicao" ], "bearer_label": [ "manufacturer", "health care institution" ], "provision": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (5) — replaces Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689; new Article 4(1), first sentence", "verbatim": "Providers and deployers of AI systems shall take measures to support the development of AI literacy of their staff and other persons dealing with the operation and use of AI systems on their behalf, taking into account their technical knowledge, experience, education and training and the context the AI systems are to be used in, and considering the persons or groups of persons on whom the AI systems are to be used.", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng" } ] }, { "id": "ue-alto-risco-anexo-iii", "jurisdiction": "União Europeia", "citation": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act), art. 6(2) and Annex III — high-risk", "citation_note": "The cited source is Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, which sets the application date. The duties themselves are in Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, arts. 9, 13, 14, 17, 43 and 49. The registry's source field has not yet been corrected upstream.", "status": "futuro", "effective": "2027-12-02", "accessed": "2026-07-30", "caveat": null, "sources": [ { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "risco-e-registro", "kind_label": "Risk and recordkeeping", "bearer": [ "fabricante" ], "bearer_label": [ "manufacturer" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng" }, { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "fabricante" ], "bearer_label": [ "manufacturer" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng" }, { "kind": "governanca", "kind_label": "Governance", "bearer": [ "fabricante" ], "bearer_label": [ "manufacturer" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng" }, { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "fabricante" ], "bearer_label": [ "manufacturer" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng" } ] }, { "id": "ue-alto-risco-anexo-i", "jurisdiction": "União Europeia", "citation": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act), art. 6(1) and Annex I — high-risk", "citation_note": "The cited source is Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, which sets the application date. The duties themselves are in Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, arts. 9, 13, 14, 17, 43 and 49. The registry's source field has not yet been corrected upstream.", "status": "futuro", "effective": "2028-08-02", "accessed": "2026-07-30", "caveat": null, "sources": [ { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "risco-e-registro", "kind_label": "Risk and recordkeeping", "bearer": [ "fabricante" ], "bearer_label": [ "manufacturer" ], "provision": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Article 1, point (19) — replaces Article 43(3) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689; new Article 43(3), first subparagraph, first sentence", "verbatim": "For high-risk AI systems covered by the Union harmonisation legislation listed in Section A of Annex I, the provider of the system shall follow the relevant conformity assessment procedure as required in accordance with the relevant Union harmonisation legislation.", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng" }, { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "fabricante" ], "bearer_label": [ "manufacturer" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng" }, { "kind": "governanca", "kind_label": "Governance", "bearer": [ "fabricante" ], "bearer_label": [ "manufacturer" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng" }, { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "fabricante" ], "bearer_label": [ "manufacturer" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng" } ] }, { "id": "texas", "jurisdiction": "Texas", "citation": "Tex. Bus. & Com. Code § 552.051 (HB 149, TRAIGA)", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2026-01-01", "accessed": "2026-07-28", "caveat": null, "sources": [ { "url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/BC/htm/BC.552.htm", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "medico", "instituicao" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician", "health care institution" ], "provision": "Sec. 552.051(f)", "verbatim": "If an artificial intelligence system is used in relation to health care service or treatment, the provider of the service or treatment shall provide the disclosure under Subsection (b) to the recipient of the service or treatment or the recipient's personal representative not later than the date the service or treatment is first provided, except in the case of emergency, in which case the provider shall provide the required disclosure as soon as reasonably possible.", "source": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/BC/htm/BC.552.htm" } ] }, { "id": "washington", "jurisdiction": "Washington", "citation": "Wash. Rev. Code § 48.43.830 (SB 5395, ch. 157, Laws of 2026)", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2026-06-11", "accessed": "2026-09-17", "caveat": null, "sources": [ { "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=48.43.830", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "RCW 48.43.830(3)(a)", "verbatim": "Only a licensed physician or a licensed health professional working within their scope of practice may deny a prior authorization request based on medical necessity. The licensed physician or licensed health professional shall evaluate the specific clinical issues involved in the health care services requested by the requesting provider by reviewing and considering the requesting provider's recommendation, the enrollee's medical or other clinical history, as applicable, and individual clinical circumstances. Artificial intelligence shall not be the sole means used to deny, delay, or modify health care services.", "source": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=48.43.830" }, { "kind": "governanca", "kind_label": "Governance", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "RCW 48.43.830(3)(b)", "verbatim": "A carrier that uses artificial intelligence for the purpose of prior authorization or prior authorization functions, based in whole or in part on medical necessity, or that contracts with or otherwise works through an entity that uses artificial intelligence for the purpose of prior authorization or prior authorization functions, based in whole or in part on medical necessity, shall ensure all of the following:", "source": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=48.43.830" } ] }, { "id": "illinois", "jurisdiction": "Illinois", "citation": "Ill. Pub. Act 104-0054 (HB 1806, Wellness and Oversight for Psychological Resources Act)", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2025-08-04", "accessed": "2026-07-28", "caveat": "Divergência de data em aberto: o comunicado do IDFPR indica 04.08.2025 e o registro legislativo indica 01.08.2025. O acervo publica 04.08.2025. A linha de crédito do próprio código — \"Source: P.A. 104-54, eff. 8-1-25\" — é a autoridade do codificador sobre a data de vigência e prevalece sobre comunicado de agência; ela chegou por espelho, e o ilga.gov não respondeu em 17.09.2026. Confirmada a linha de crédito na fonte oficial, a data publicada passa a 01.08.2025.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://legiscan.com/IL/text/HB1806/id/3248540", "source_class": "mirror", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "proibicao", "kind_label": "Prohibition", "bearer": [ "desenvolvedor", "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "developer", "physician" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://legiscan.com/IL/text/HB1806/id/3248540" }, { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://legiscan.com/IL/text/HB1806/id/3248540" } ] }, { "id": "rhode-island-saude-mental", "jurisdiction": "Rhode Island", "citation": "R.I. Gen. Laws ch. 40.1-5.5, enacted by S 2197 Substitute A as amended", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2026-06-22", "accessed": "2026-09-17", "caveat": "Até 17.09.2026 esta linha citava a Substitute A simples, que não é a versão que virou lei: a promulgada é a Substitute A as amended (S2197Aaa), idêntica ao companheiro H 7349A. Dois dispositivos divergem entre as duas — o § 40.1-5.5-3(a), que passa a alcançar o uso \"to assist in supplementary support or therapeutic communication\", e o § 40.1-5.5-3(c)(2), que trocou a supervisão clínica contemporânea por relação terapêutica estabelecida com consentimento e repartiu responsabilidade com o fornecedor. ⚠ Leitura externa a esta máquina, em 17.09.2026: o servidor da assembleia de Rhode Island não responde daqui. O Public Law de Rhode Island não foi obtido e não é citado. E a vedação do § 40.1-5.5-3(b) — oferecer ou anunciar psicoterapia ao público — ainda não está codificada: o sujeito normativo é \"an individual, corporation, or entity\", que não corresponde a nenhum valor da taxonomia de obrigados.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText/BillText26/SenateText26/S2197Aaa.pdf", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician" ], "provision": "R.I. Gen. Laws § 40.1-5.5-3(c)", "verbatim": "A licensed professional or provider may use artificial intelligence only to the extent that such use meets the requirements of subsection (a) of this section. A licensed professional or provider may not allow or otherwise use artificial intelligence to do any of the following: (1) Make independent therapeutic decisions; (2) Directly interact with clients in any form of therapeutic communication without an established relationship when the licensed professional or provider agrees to undertake diagnosis and treatment of the patient and the patient consents under this section, whether or not there has been an in-person encounter between the licensed professional or provider and the patient. The provider retains responsibility for clinical judgement and reasonable therapeutic oversight of the patient's use of the system, but not for vendor-controlled system design, algorithms, or outputs; or (3) Determine therapeutic recommendations or treatment plans.", "source": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText/BillText26/SenateText26/S2197Aaa.pdf" }, { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician" ], "provision": "R.I. Gen. Laws § 40.1-5.5-3(a)", "verbatim": "No licensed professional or provider shall be permitted to use artificial intelligence, designed to simulate emotional attachment, bonding, or dependency or artificial intelligence companions for mental health or emotional support, to assist in supplementary support or therapeutic communication in therapy or psychotherapy services where the client's therapeutic session is recorded or transcribed unless the patient or the patient's parent, guardian or other legally authorized representative is informed in writing of the following and provides consent as defined in § 40.1-5.5-2: (1) That artificial intelligence will be used; (2) The specific purpose of the artificial intelligence tool or system that will be used; and (3) The patient or the patient's parents, or other legally authorized representative, provides consent to the use of artificial intelligence.", "source": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText/BillText26/SenateText26/S2197Aaa.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "rhode-island-notificacao", "jurisdiction": "Rhode Island", "citation": "R.I. Gen. Laws ch. 23-106, enacted by S 2570 Substitute A", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2026-06-22", "accessed": "2026-09-17", "caveat": "Até 17.09.2026 esta linha apoiava-se em análise de escritório de advocacia (Nixon Peabody). Substituída pelo texto oficial do S 2570 Substitute A (LC004719/SUB A), R.I. Gen. Laws § 23-106-3. A codificação por obrigado (medico, instituicao) foi confirmada contra o texto e não sofreu alteração.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Billtext/BillText26/SenateText26/S2570A.pdf", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "medico", "instituicao" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician", "health care institution" ], "provision": "R.I. Gen. Laws § 23-106-3", "verbatim": "Any and all healthcare providers and healthcare facilities that employ artificial intelligence (\"AI\") to document in-person or telehealth visits shall notify patients of the use of AI for that sole purpose and review the AI-generated documentation for accuracy after the visit.", "source": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Billtext/BillText26/SenateText26/S2570A.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "rhode-island-companhia", "jurisdiction": "Rhode Island", "citation": "R.I. S 2195 (2026) — AI companion models", "citation_note": null, "status": "futuro", "effective": "2027-01-01", "accessed": "2026-07-28", "caveat": "FORA DO CRITÉRIO DE INCLUSÃO, E MANTIDA NO MAPA POR FALTA DE MECANISMO — decisão de 17.09.2026. É norma de direito comercial (Título 6), não incide sobre o cuidado, e o obrigado — o operador de modelo de IA de companhia — não é ator do cuidado. A marcação por escopo foi tentada e o portão da regra dura 7 a reprovou: o id já saiu no /mapa.json público, e sair da projeção é o que a regra proíbe. Aposentar id publicado exige mecanismo que a casa ainda não tem, e a decisão é dela. Até lá a linha continua no Mapa, marcada aqui. É também a única linha apoiada em análise de terceiro (Nixon Peabody); o servidor da assembleia de Rhode Island não respondeu em 17.09.2026.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nixonpeabody.com/insights/alerts/2026/07/20/rhode-island-joins-the-wave-of-states-regulating-ai-in-healthcare-and-ai-companion-tools", "source_class": "secondary", "asserted_primary": false } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "desenvolvedor" ], "bearer_label": [ "developer" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://www.nixonpeabody.com/insights/alerts/2026/07/20/rhode-island-joins-the-wave-of-states-regulating-ai-in-healthcare-and-ai-companion-tools" }, { "kind": "governanca", "kind_label": "Governance", "bearer": [ "desenvolvedor" ], "bearer_label": [ "developer" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://www.nixonpeabody.com/insights/alerts/2026/07/20/rhode-island-joins-the-wave-of-states-regulating-ai-in-healthcare-and-ai-companion-tools" } ] }, { "id": "california-sb-1120", "jurisdiction": "Califórnia", "citation": "Cal. Health & Safety Code § 1367.01(k) (SB 1120)", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2025-01-01", "accessed": "2026-09-17", "caveat": "A vigência de 01.01.2025 deixou de ser inferência em 03.08.2026: está impressa na linha de crédito do texto codificado, não deduzida da regra geral da Califórnia.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC§ionNum=1367.01", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "Health and Safety Code § 1367.01(k)(2)", "verbatim": "Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the artificial intelligence, algorithm, or other software tool shall not deny, delay, or modify health care services based, in whole or in part, on medical necessity. A determination of medical necessity shall be made only by a licensed physician or a licensed health care professional competent to evaluate the specific clinical issues involved in the health care services requested by the provider, as provided in subdivision (e), by reviewing and considering the requesting provider’s recommendation, the enrollee’s medical or other clinical history, as applicable, and individual clinical circumstances.", "source": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC§ionNum=1367.01" }, { "kind": "governanca", "kind_label": "Governance", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "Health and Safety Code § 1367.01(k)(1)", "verbatim": "A health care service plan, including a specialized health care service plan that uses an artificial intelligence, algorithm, or other software tool for the purpose of utilization review or utilization management functions, based in whole or in part on medical necessity, or that contracts with or otherwise works through an entity that uses an artificial intelligence, algorithm, or other software tool for the purpose of utilization review or utilization management functions, based in whole or in part on medical necessity, shall comply with this section and shall ensure all of the following:", "source": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC§ionNum=1367.01" } ] }, { "id": "california-ab-3030", "jurisdiction": "Califórnia", "citation": "Cal. Health & Safety Code ch. 2.13, § 1339.75 (AB 3030)", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2025-01-01", "accessed": "2026-08-03", "caveat": null, "sources": [ { "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC§ionNum=1339.75", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "instituicao", "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "health care institution", "physician" ], "provision": "§ 1339.75(a)(1) (o trecho começa no caput da (a))", "verbatim": "A health facility, clinic, physician’s office, or office of a group practice that uses generative artificial intelligence to generate written or verbal patient communications pertaining to patient clinical information shall ensure that those communications include both of the following: (1) A disclaimer that indicates to the patient that the communication was generated by generative artificial intelligence.", "source": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC§ionNum=1339.75" } ] }, { "id": "texas-sb-815", "jurisdiction": "Texas", "citation": "Tex. Ins. Code § 4201.156 (SB 815)", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2025-09-01", "accessed": "2026-08-03", "caveat": "A definição legal de \"sistema de decisão automatizada\" alcança sistemas que apenas \"sugerem ou recomendam\", e a vedação é de usar tal sistema para decidir \"no todo ou em parte\". Até onde isso alcança uma ferramenta que só apoia um revisor humano é questão interpretativa aberta — registrada, não resolvida.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.4201.htm", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "proibicao", "kind_label": "Prohibition", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "Sec. 4201.156(a)", "verbatim": "A utilization review agent may not use an automated decision system to make, wholly or partly, an adverse determination.", "source": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.4201.htm" } ] }, { "id": "texas-sb-1188", "jurisdiction": "Texas", "citation": "Tex. Health & Safety Code ch. 183, § 183.005 (SB 1188)", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2025-09-01", "accessed": "2026-08-03", "caveat": "Lida na versão promulgada em capitol.texas.gov. As outras três linhas do Texas citam o código consolidado; esta cita o ato, e a diferença é de proveniência, não de conteúdo.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/89R/billtext/html/SB01188F.htm", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician" ], "provision": "Sec. 183.005(a)(3), Health and Safety Code (acrescentado pela SECTION 1 do SB 1188)", "verbatim": "the practitioner reviews all records created with artificial intelligence in a manner that is consistent with medical records standards developed by the Texas Medical Board.", "source": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/89R/billtext/html/SB01188F.htm" }, { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician" ], "provision": "Sec. 183.005(b), Health and Safety Code (acrescentado pela SECTION 1 do SB 1188)", "verbatim": "A health care practitioner who uses artificial intelligence for diagnostic purposes as described by Subsection (a) must disclose the practitioner's use of that technology to the practitioner's patients.", "source": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/89R/billtext/html/SB01188F.htm" } ] }, { "id": "maryland-hb-820", "jurisdiction": "Maryland", "citation": "Md. Code Ann., Ins. §§ 15-10A-06 and 15-10B-05.1 (HB 820, ch. 747, 2025)", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2025-10-01", "accessed": "2026-09-17", "caveat": "Três ressalvas, e a primeira é sobre esta própria linha. (1) ELA SUBSTITUI UM id JÁ PUBLICADO. Até 09.08.2026 esta matéria saía no /panorama.json sob `maryland-hb-1563`, creditando a HB 1563 de 2026. A HB 1563 apenas reeditou o dispositivo — o cabeçalho dela diz \"repealing and reenacting, with amendments\" e o item de IA vem em minúscula, que no Maryland marca texto preexistente. Quem o criou foi a HB 820. Trocar o id foi decisão editorial de 09.08: id que nomeia o ato errado é pior que link quebrado. ⚠ A casa NÃO tem mecanismo para aposentar id publicado, e o /panorama.json não tem sequer registro de ids como o /mapa.json tem. Quem consumir o dataset segurando `maryland-hb-1563` não recebe sinal nenhum de que a matéria mudou de endereço. É lacuna conhecida e declarada, não escondida. (2) OBRIGADO IMPRECISO, e está declarado. O dispositivo alcança três figuras — carrier, pharmacy benefits manager e private review agent — e as três foram codificadas como `operadora`, que é o único valor disponível. Agente privado de revisão não é fonte pagadora: revisa por conta de quem paga. É o mesmo vão que existe entre `desenvolvedor` e `fabricante`, e não se resolve alargando verbete por causa de uma linha. (3) A leitura foi feita no PDF do texto promulgado da Chapter 747, reaberto em 09.08.2026; a vedação do (D) e a data da SECTION 2 estão conferidas literalmente no documento.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2025RS/Chapters_noln/CH_747_hb0820t.pdf", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "proibicao", "kind_label": "Prohibition", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "§ 15-10B-05.1(d)", "verbatim": "AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, ALGORITHM, OR OTHER SOFTWARE TOOL MAY NOT DENY, DELAY OR MODIFY HEALTH CARE SERVICES.", "source": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2025RS/Chapters_noln/CH_747_hb0820t.pdf" }, { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "§ 15-10B-05.1(c)(4)", "verbatim": "AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, ALGORITHM, OR OTHER SOFTWARE TOOL DOES NOT REPLACE THE ROLE OF A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IN THE DETERMINATION PROCESS UNDER § 15–10B–07 OF THIS SUBTITLE", "source": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2025RS/Chapters_noln/CH_747_hb0820t.pdf" }, { "kind": "governanca", "kind_label": "Governance", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "§ 15-10B-05.1(c)(8)", "verbatim": "WRITTEN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES ARE INCLUDED IN THE UTILIZATION PLAN SUBMITTED UNDER § 15–10B–05 OF THIS SUBTITLE, INCLUDING HOW AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, ALGORITHM, OR OTHER SOFTWARE TOOL WILL BE USED AND WHAT OVERSIGHT WILL BE PROVIDED", "source": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2025RS/Chapters_noln/CH_747_hb0820t.pdf" }, { "kind": "risco-e-registro", "kind_label": "Risk and recordkeeping", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "§ 15-10A-06(a)(3)(vi)", "verbatim": "WHETHER AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, ALGORITHM, OR OTHER SOFTWARE TOOL WAS USED IN MAKING THE ADVERSE DECISION", "source": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2025RS/Chapters_noln/CH_747_hb0820t.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "indiana-hb-1271", "jurisdiction": "Indiana", "citation": "Ind. Code ch. 27-1-52, § 9 (HEA 1271, P.L. 88-2026)", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2026-07-01", "accessed": "2026-09-23", "caveat": "O texto lido é o Enrolled Act, hospedado por terceiro (LegiScan). Em 17.09.2026 o LegiScan passou a barrar leitura automatizada e o iga.in.gov devolveu apenas a casca do aplicativo. Três ocorrências de \"artificial intelligence\", nenhuma de \"algorithm\", conferidas por varredura exaustiva.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://iga.in.gov/pdf-documents/124/2026/house/bills/HB1271/HB1271.07.ENRS.pdf", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://iga.in.gov/pdf-documents/124/2026/house/bills/HB1271/HB1271.07.ENRS.pdf" }, { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "medico", "instituicao" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician", "health care institution" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://iga.in.gov/pdf-documents/124/2026/house/bills/HB1271/HB1271.07.ENRS.pdf" }, { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": null, "verbatim": null, "source": "https://iga.in.gov/pdf-documents/124/2026/house/bills/HB1271/HB1271.07.ENRS.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "alabama-sb-63", "jurisdiction": "Alabama", "citation": "Ala. Act No. 2026-589, § 1 (SB 63)", "citation_note": "Approved by Governor Kay Ivey on 16 April 2026 at 9:00 a.m., read in the image of the act filed with the Alabama Secretary of State. Aggregators report 17 April; the primary record says 16 in three independent places.", "status": "futuro", "effective": "2026-10-01", "accessed": "2026-09-17", "caveat": "Número do Ato (Act No.) não localizado nesta leitura — a citação oficial completa deve incluí-lo. Nove ocorrências de \"artificial intelligence\" no ato, conferidas por varredura exaustiva.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/files/pdf/SearchableInstruments/2026RS/SB63-enr.pdf", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "Section 1(b)(3)", "verbatim": "a determination to deny, delay, or modify a request for prior authorization based on medical necessity shall always be made by a licensed physician or other health care professional who is competent to evaluate any recommendation or conclusion of artificial intelligence", "source": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/files/pdf/SearchableInstruments/2026RS/SB63-enr.pdf" }, { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "Section 1(c)(1) (o trecho começa no caput da (c))", "verbatim": "A health benefit plan provider shall do all of the following: (1) Make prominent written disclosure regarding its use of artificial intelligence in utilization review in its policies and procedures.", "source": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/files/pdf/SearchableInstruments/2026RS/SB63-enr.pdf" }, { "kind": "risco-e-registro", "kind_label": "Risk and recordkeeping", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "Section 1(b)(2)", "verbatim": "A health benefit plan provider shall certify annually to the department that the artificial intelligence used to make determinations of medical necessity on requests for prior authorization complies with all of the following", "source": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/files/pdf/SearchableInstruments/2026RS/SB63-enr.pdf" }, { "kind": "governanca", "kind_label": "Governance", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "Section 1(c)(2)", "verbatim": "Ensure that its use of artificial intelligence and the outcomes that it generates are reviewed on a periodic basis to maximize accuracy and reliability to ensure its use of artificial intelligence in utilization review complies with the requirements of subsection (b).", "source": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/files/pdf/SearchableInstruments/2026RS/SB63-enr.pdf" } ] }, { "id": "colorado-hb-26-1195", "jurisdiction": "Colorado", "citation": "Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 12-245-224.5 and 6-1-1705.2 (HB 26-1195)", "citation_note": null, "status": "em_vigor", "effective": "2026-08-12", "accessed": "2026-09-17", "caveat": "O PDF do \"Signed Act\" de 03.06.2026 é digitalizado e não tem camada de texto; a leitura foi feita no \"Final Act\" de 02.06.2026, que é o texto enrolado levado à sanção.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116915/download", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 12-245-224.5(5)(a)-(b)", "verbatim": "A LICENSEE, REGISTRANT, CERTIFICATE HOLDER, OR OTHER INDIVIDUAL LAWFULLY PERMITTED TO PROVIDE PSYCHOTHERAPY SERVICES IN THE STATE SHALL NOT ALLOW AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM TO DO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING: (a) INTERACT WITH CLIENTS IN ANY FORM OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION WITHOUT SYNCHRONOUS, REAL-TIME INTERACTION BETWEEN THE LICENSEE, REGISTRANT, CERTIFICATE HOLDER, OR OTHER INDIVIDUAL LAWFULLY PERMITTED TO PROVIDE PSYCHOTHERAPY SERVICES IN THE STATE, THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM, AND THE CLIENT; OR (b) GENERATE THERAPEUTIC RECOMMENDATIONS OR TREATMENT PLANS WITHOUT REVIEW AND APPROVAL BY THE LICENSEE, REGISTRANT, CERTIFICATE HOLDER, OR OTHER INDIVIDUAL LAWFULLY PERMITTED TO PROVIDE PSYCHOTHERAPY SERVICES IN THE STATE.", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116915/download" }, { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "physician" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 12-245-224.5(4)(a)(I)(A)-(B)", "verbatim": "A LICENSEE, REGISTRANT, CERTIFICATE HOLDER, OR OTHER INDIVIDUAL LAWFULLY PERMITTED TO PROVIDE PSYCHOTHERAPY SERVICES IN THE STATE SHALL NOT USE AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM TO RECORD OR TRANSCRIBE A CLIENT'S THERAPEUTIC SESSION, UNLESS: (I) THE CLIENT OR THE CLIENT'S LEGALLY AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IS INFORMED IN ADVANCE IN WRITING OF THE FOLLOWING: (A) THAT AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM WILL BE USED; AND (B) THE SPECIFIC PURPOSE FOR WHICH THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM WILL BE USED;", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116915/download" }, { "kind": "proibicao", "kind_label": "Prohibition", "bearer": [ "desenvolvedor" ], "bearer_label": [ "developer" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 6-1-1705.2(1)", "verbatim": "A PERSON SHALL NOT USE ANY TERM, LETTER, OR PHRASE IN THE ADVERTISING, INTERFACE, OR OUTPUTS OF AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM IN A MANNER THAT: (a) INDICATES OR IMPLIES THAT THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM'S OUTPUT DATA IS BEING PROVIDED BY, IS ENDORSED BY, OR IS EQUIVALENT TO SERVICES PROVIDED BY AN INDIVIDUAL LICENSED, REGISTERED, OR CERTIFIED IN THE STATE PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 245 OF TITLE 12 TO ENGAGE IN THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHOTHERAPY OR TO PROVIDE PSYCHOTHERAPY SERVICES; (b) REPRESENTS THAT THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM PROVIDES PSYCHOTHERAPY SERVICES; OR (c) REPRESENTS THAT A USER'S DATA IS CONFIDENTIAL IN A MANNER THAT WOULD LEAD A REASONABLE USER TO BELIEVE THAT THE DATA IS PROTECTED IN A MANNER COMPARABLE TO PRIVACY PROTECTIONS AFFORDED BY THERAPIST-CLIENT CONFIDENTIALITY IN A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A LICENSEE, REGISTRANT, CERTIFICATE HOLDER, OR OTHER PERSON LAWFULLY PERMITTED TO PROVIDE PSYCHOTHERAPY SERVICES IN THE STATE AND THE CLIENT.", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116915/download" } ] }, { "id": "colorado-hb-26-1139", "jurisdiction": "Colorado", "citation": "Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 10-16-112.7 and 25.5-1-209 (HB 26-1139, ch. 325, 2026 Colo. Sess. Laws 1889)", "citation_note": "Takes effect 1 January 2027, and the act is subject to referendum petition: if a petition is filed within ninety days of final adjournment, it takes effect only if approved at the November 2026 general election. The date is conditional.", "status": "futuro", "effective": "2027-01-01", "accessed": "2026-09-17", "caveat": "Sancionado em 02.06.2026 por Jared S. Polis e publicado como Chapter 325, 2026 Colo. Sess. Laws 1889: o PDF da lei de sessão imprime \"Ch. 325 Insurance 1889\" no alto, o cabeçalho \"CHAPTER 325 / INSURANCE\", o título \"AN ACT CONCERNING THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTH CARE\" e \"approved June 2, 2026\". ⚠ Leitura externa a esta máquina, em 17.09.2026. NOTA DE MÉTODO, válida para todo instrumento do Colorado: o número de capítulo não consta do Signed Act — é atribuído na indexação das Session Laws pelo Office of Legislative Legal Services. Signed Act e Session Law são dois documentos oficiais distintos, e a citação nomeia os dois. Vigência 01.01.2027, com cláusula de referendo; a janela fechou em 11.08.2026 e o acervo não registra conferência posterior da página de Referendum Petitions. O ato alcança cinco entidades: carrier, pharmacy benefit manager, private utilization review organization, behavioral health administrative services organization e managed care entity. E o § 25.5-1-209 alcança tanto o órgão público estadual (Department of Health Care Policy and Financing) quanto as entidades contratadas por ele para pagar esses serviços: o texto diz \"a payer of… services provided under\" os programas, e não distingue.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116723/download", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "decisao-humana", "kind_label": "Human decision", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 10-16-112.7(5)(b)", "verbatim": "A CARRIER'S DENIAL OF COVERAGE BASED IN WHOLE OR IN PART ON MEDICAL NECESSITY SHALL NOT BE ISSUED SOLELY ON THE OUTPUT OF AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM WITHOUT HUMAN REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF THE DENIAL BY A LICENSED CLINICIAN, LICENSED PHYSICIAN, OR OTHER REGULATED PROFESSIONAL THAT IS COMPETENT TO EVALUATE THE SPECIFIC CLINICAL ISSUES INVOLVED IN THE HEALTH-CARE SERVICES REQUESTED BY THE PROVIDER AND A REVIEW OF THE HEALTH BENEFIT PLAN'S TERMS OF COVERAGE FOR THE HEALTH-CARE SERVICE.", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116723/download" }, { "kind": "risco-e-registro", "kind_label": "Risk and recordkeeping", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 10-16-112.7(4)(a)", "verbatim": "A PERSON DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION (2) OF THIS SECTION SHALL PROVIDE WRITTEN DISCLOSURES TO THE DIVISION, THE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES, OR THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH CARE POLICY AND FINANCING, AS APPLICABLE, THAT IDENTIFY: (a) THE UTILIZATION REVIEW FUNCTIONS FOR WHICH THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM WILL BE USED;", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116723/download" }, { "kind": "governanca", "kind_label": "Governance", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 10-16-112.7(3)(e)-(f)", "verbatim": "THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM PRODUCES AND RETAINS DOCUMENTATION, AUDIT LOGS, AND MODEL-GOVERNANCE RECORDS IN ORDER TO DEMONSTRATE COMPLIANCE WITH THIS SECTION AND SECTION 10-3-1104.9; (f) THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM'S PERFORMANCE, USE, AND OUTCOMES ARE PERIODICALLY REVIEWED TO MAXIMIZE ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY;", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116723/download" }, { "kind": "proibicao", "kind_label": "Prohibition", "bearer": [ "operadora" ], "bearer_label": [ "insurer or health plan" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 10-16-112.7(6)(a)", "verbatim": "A CARRIER OFFERING A HEALTH BENEFIT PLAN ISSUED OR RENEWED IN THE STATE ON OR AFTER THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT PROVIDE COVERAGE FOR SERVICES THAT CONSTITUTE PSYCHOTHERAPY SERVICES, AS DEFINED IN SECTION 12-245-202 (14), THAT ARE PROVIDED DIRECTLY TO AN INDIVIDUAL AND THAT ARE CONDUCTED BY AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM.", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116723/download" }, { "kind": "proibicao", "kind_label": "Prohibition", "bearer": [ "poder-publico" ], "bearer_label": [ "public authority" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 25.5-1-209", "verbatim": "A PAYER OF MENTAL OR BEHAVIORAL HEALTH-CARE SERVICES PROVIDED UNDER THE \"COLORADO MEDICAL ASSISTANCE ACT\", AS SPECIFIED IN ARTICLES 4, 5, AND 6 OF THIS TITLE 25.5, OR THE \"CHILDREN'S BASIC HEALTH PLAN ACT\", AS SPECIFIED IN ARTICLE 8 OF THIS TITLE 25.5, SHALL NOT PAY FOR SERVICES THAT CONSTITUTE PSYCHOTHERAPY SERVICES, AS DEFINED IN SECTION 12-245-202 (14), THAT ARE PROVIDED DIRECTLY TO AN INDIVIDUAL AND THAT ARE CONDUCTED BY AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM, AS THAT TERM IS DEFINED IN SECTION 10-16-112.7 (1)(b).", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116723/download" } ] }, { "id": "colorado-sb-26-189", "jurisdiction": "Colorado", "citation": "Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 6-1-1701 to 6-1-1709 (SB 26-189)", "citation_note": "Takes effect 1 January 2027. The chapter number of the session law is not stated here: no file carrying it has been retained and hashed. Two obligations on this instrument share a derived key and are excluded from the link-integrity check; see provenance.unverifiable_links.", "status": "futuro", "effective": "2027-01-01", "accessed": "2026-09-17", "caveat": "Quatro ressalvas. (1) ESCOPO DECIDIDO EM 09.08.2026, E O CAMINHO FICA REGISTRADO. A linha foi roteada primeiro para o Panorama, pela regra de 08.08 — lei geral de IA que alcança saúde entre outros domínios —, quando a leitura cobria só as datas e a cláusula final. A leitura integral do ato encontrou depois o § 6-1-1708(3)(c) e (d): a entidade coberta pela HIPAA sai dos §§ 1701 a 1706 e, em troca, deve avisar o paciente do uso de tecnologia avançada e, na decisão sobre assistência financeira, abrir caminho de revisão humana com poder de derrubar a decisão. Isso muda o que o paciente pode esperar no atendimento, que é o critério do Mapa e o mesmo que põe o Texas nele — o critério é o efeito, nunca o obrigado. A reclassificação foi decisão editorial tomada com o ato aberto, não consequência de nova apuração. (2) ⚠ A NORMA QUE ELA REVOGA CONTINUA EM VIGOR ATÉ LÁ. O ato faz \"repeal and reenact, with amendments, part 17\" na SECTION 1 — e a SECTION 1 não está entre os dispositivos que a SECTION 5(2) faz viger na sanção, então a revogação só vale em 01.01.2027. Até essa data segue valendo a parte 17 anterior, criada pela SB 24-205, o \"Colorado AI Act\", cujas obrigações entraram em vigor em 30.06.2026 — data escrita pela SB 25B-004, que riscou o \"February 1, 2026\" original. Corrigido em 09.08.2026, e o registro da correção fica em docs/estado-factual.md: a primeira redação desta ressalva afirmava o contrário disto, por frase herdada e não conferida no ato. Circula ainda que a aplicação está suspensa por acordo judicial desde abril de 2026; a ordem não foi aberta e a suspensão não é afirmada aqui. (3) OBRIGADO POR INFERÊNCIA em uma das obrigações. O § 6-1-1708(3)(c) obriga a \"entidade coberta\" pela HIPAA, e não nomeia o médico. Codificar \"medico\" ao lado de \"instituicao\" é leitura da casa: prestador de cuidado de saúde na definição de 45 CFR 160.103 alcança o profissional individual que transmite informação de saúde por meio eletrônico. É inferência boa, e ainda assim inferência. (4) Não há vigência escalonada de obrigação: o que vige desde a sanção é maquinário — autorizações de regulamentação e dotação —, e toda obrigação substantiva vige em 01.01.2027. O ato não tem cláusula de segurança para a parte 17 salvo a do próprio ato, que existe: a seção 6 traz a cláusula, e por isso a SB 26-189 nunca esteve sujeita a referendo.", "sources": [ { "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116489/download", "source_class": "official_repository", "asserted_primary": true } ], "obligations": [ { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "instituicao", "medico" ], "bearer_label": [ "health care institution", "physician" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 6-1-1708(3)(c)", "verbatim": "A COVERED ENTITY SHALL PROVIDE PATIENTS WITH A GENERAL NOTICE OF USE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING A COVERED ADMT.", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116489/download" }, { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "instituicao" ], "bearer_label": [ "health care institution" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 6-1-1708(3)(d)(I)", "verbatim": "NOTWITHSTANDING SUBSECTION (3)(a) OF THIS SECTION, A COVERED ENTITY THAT USES A COVERED ADMT TO DETERMINE A PATIENT'S ELIGIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE, INCLUDING DISCOUNTED CARE AS DESCRIBED IN SECTION 25.5-3-502, SHALL PROVIDE A PATIENT THE FOLLOWING DISCLOSURES: (I) A PLAIN LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION OF THE CONSEQUENTIAL DECISION AND THE ROLE OF THE COVERED ADMT IN THE CONSEQUENTIAL DECISION;", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116489/download" }, { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "instituicao" ], "bearer_label": [ "health care institution" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 6-1-1708(3)(d)(IV)", "verbatim": "INFORMATION ON HOW TO REQUEST MEANINGFUL HUMAN REVIEW OR RECONSIDERATION, WHERE APPLICABLE.", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116489/download" }, { "kind": "dever-de-informar", "kind_label": "Duty to inform", "bearer": [ "desenvolvedor" ], "bearer_label": [ "developer" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 6-1-1702(1)(a)", "verbatim": "ON AND AFTER JANUARY 1, 2027, A DEVELOPER SHALL MAKE AVAILABLE TO EACH DEPLOYER OF A COVERED ADMT DEVELOPED BY THE DEVELOPER, IN A FORM AND MANNER THAT IS REASONABLY UNDERSTANDABLE TO A DEPLOYER AND THAT PROTECTS TRADE SECRETS OR INFORMATION PROTECTED FROM DISCLOSURE BY STATE OR FEDERAL LAW: (a) A GENERAL STATEMENT DESCRIBING THE INTENDED USES AND KNOWN HARMFUL OR INAPPROPRIATE USES OF THE COVERED ADMT;", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116489/download" }, { "kind": "governanca", "kind_label": "Governance", "bearer": [ "desenvolvedor" ], "bearer_label": [ "developer" ], "provision": "C.R.S. § 6-1-1702(4)", "verbatim": "A DEVELOPER SHALL RETAIN, FOR NOT LESS THAN THREE YEARS AFTER THE CREATION OF A RECORD REQUIRED OR CREATED UNDER THIS SECTION OR FOR A LONGER PERIOD IF REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE STATE OR FEDERAL LAW, RECORDS REASONABLY NECESSARY TO DEMONSTRATE COMPLIANCE WITH THIS SECTION.", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bill_files/116489/download" } ] } ], "answers_by_state": { "washington": { "nome": "Washington", "sigla": "WA", "instrumentos": [ "washington" ], "respostas": { "deny-with-ai": { "valor": "no", "frase_en": "No.", "instrumento": "washington", "obrigacao": { "codigo": "decisao-humana", "obrigado": [ "operadora" ] }, "recorte": "Artificial intelligence shall not be the sole means used to deny, delay, or modify health care services.", "recorte_declarado": "The registry records the whole of § 48.43.830(3)(a); the sentence shown is the last of that provision. The sentences before it name who may deny — a licensed physician or health professional — not who answers for the tool." }, "who-answers": { "valor": "yes", "frase_en": "The carrier — your health plan.", "instrumento": "washington", "obrigacao": { "codigo": "governanca", "obrigado": [ "operadora" ] }, "recorte": "A carrier that uses artificial intelligence for the purpose of prior authorization or prior authorization functions, based in whole or in part on medical necessity, or that contracts with or otherwise works through an entity that uses artificial intelligence for the purpose of prior authorization or prior authorization functions, based in whole or in part on medical necessity, shall ensure all of the following:", "nota_en": "Note the reach: hiring a vendor does not move the duty. The plan stays on the hook for what the vendor's model does." }, "chatbot-therapy": { "valor": "nao_conferido", "porque_en": "RCW 48.43.830 is a coverage statute; it does not speak to therapy. No Washington instrument has been read on this question, so this site does not answer it.", "ver_tambem": "Colorado and Rhode Island do have instruments here." }, "ai-wrote-the-note": { "valor": "nao_conferido", "porque_en": "California and Texas do require disclosure; Washington has not been read on this point.", "ver_tambem": "See California § 1339.75 and Texas § 183.005(b)." } }, "silencio_en": [ "data provenance", "training-data transparency", "model validation standards", "any patient right to opt out of AI-assisted review" ], "rotas": { "washington": "rcw-48-43-830" } }, "alabama": { "nome": "Alabama", "sigla": "AL", "instrumentos": [ "alabama-sb-63" ], "rotas": { "alabama-sb-63": "act-2026-589" }, "respostas": { "deny-with-ai": { "valor": "no", "frase_en": "No — and the human who decides must be competent to judge what the model concluded.", "instrumento": "alabama-sb-63", "obrigacao": { "codigo": "decisao-humana", "obrigado": [ "operadora" ] }, "recorte_declarado": "The registry stores one sentence per obligation, chosen to prove the duty. What is quoted here is the clause of Section 1(b)(3) that carries it; the subsection around it is longer.", "nota_en": "Most instruments here stop at “a human must decide”. Alabama adds a qualification almost no other statute makes: the reviewer has to be competent to evaluate the recommendation or conclusion of the artificial intelligence. A human signature from someone who cannot judge the model does not satisfy this provision." }, "who-answers": { "valor": "yes", "frase_en": "The health benefit plan provider — and it answers to the regulator, annually.", "instrumento": "alabama-sb-63", "obrigacao": { "codigo": "risco-e-registro", "obrigado": [ "operadora" ] }, "nota_en": "Four duties in this act, one bearer in all four. Nothing here reaches the developer of the model or the vendor that sells it — a scan of the whole act returns zero for vendor, developer, deployer, supplier and contractor. Where the model comes from is not this statute’s question." }, "chatbot-therapy": { "valor": "nao_conferido", "porque_en": "This act governs utilization review by health benefit plans. It does not speak to who may deliver therapy. No Alabama instrument has been read on that question, so this site does not answer it.", "ver_tambem": "Illinois and Rhode Island do have instruments here." }, "ai-wrote-the-note": { "valor": "nao_conferido", "porque_en": "Alabama does require a written disclosure about artificial intelligence — but it falls on the plan, about its own use of AI in utilization review, not on your clinician about the note in your chart. On the clinical-documentation question no Alabama instrument has been read.", "ver_tambem": "See California § 1339.75 and Texas § 183.005(b), which do put the duty on the clinician." } }, "silencio_en": [ "who built or sold the model", "what data it was trained on", "any standard the model itself must meet", "any patient right to know that AI touched their claim" ] } } }